Neuron

A neuron is a specialized nerve cell that receives, processes, and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals throughout the nervous system.

Neurons typically have a cell body, dendrites that receive signals, and an axon that transmits signals to other cells. They communicate with other neurons and with muscles or glands at specialized junctions called synapses. Such communication uses electrical impulses and chemical neurotransmitters.

Different neurons have specialized roles, including sensory detection, movement, and information processing.

QUICK FACT

Some neurons have axons more than 3 feet (1 meter) long.

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