A thread-like structure made of DNA and associated proteins that carries genetic information within a cell.
In humans, chromosomes are located primarily in the nucleus and contain many genes arranged along the DNA molecule. Most human cells have 46 chromosomes, organized into 23 pairs, with one chromosome in each pair generally inherited from each biological parent.
Chromosomes help package and organize DNA and allow genetic information to be accurately copied and distributed when cells divide. Changes in chromosome number or structure can sometimes cause genetic conditions.
QUICK FACT
A chromosome is not a separate type of genetic material. It is a package of DNA and associated proteins containing many genes and other functional DNA sequences.
COMMONLY CONFUSED WITH
Gene: A chromosome contains many genes. A gene is a specific functional sequence of genetic material, whereas a chromosome is a much larger DNA-containing structure.
SEE ALSO
- DNA
- Gene
- Genetic Material
- Mutation
- Nucleus
- Nucleotide