Medical Term Definition
Gene
A functional unit of genetic information consisting of a sequence of DNA or, in some viruses, RNA that contributes to a biological function or the production of a functional molecule.
Most human genes are sections of DNA that contain instructions or regulatory information involved in producing proteins or functional RNA molecules. Genes can influence characteristics, cellular processes, and susceptibility to certain diseases.
Genes are organized within chromosomes and can exist in different versions, called alleles. Changes in the sequence or regulation of a gene can sometimes alter its function and contribute to disease.
QUICK FACT
A gene is part of DNA, not synonymous with DNA itself. Human DNA contains many genes as well as regions that perform other functions.
COMMONLY CONFUSED WITH
DNA: DNA is the molecule that stores genetic information; a gene is a specific functional sequence within DNA.
SEE ALSO
Clinical & Educational Context
Discussed in Health Articles & Guides
Explore how "Gene" is covered across our evidence-based editorial guides:
6 Articles
The Hard Parts of Medicine
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Unstraight Lines
We are generous with names. We name the wound before we know the pain, the illness before the person, the...
The Hard Parts of Medicine
Do you need supplements to stay healthy, or can a balanced diet provide everything your body requires? Vitamins, minerals, and...
Medicine without Jargon
A woman in labor is ready to push. One nurse encourages her to lie back, while another suggests turning onto...
Health in the Wild
You probably think about what is in your food, but how often do you think about what your food is...
Health in the Wild
You may not notice noise pollution until you finally experience silence: the generator that never seems to stop, traffic that...
