The systematic use of a test or assessment to identify people who may have a disease or health condition before it causes noticeable symptoms or signs.
Screening is performed in people who may not have symptoms, with the goal of identifying a disease or increased risk early enough for further evaluation or intervention to be useful. Examples include screening for certain cancers, high blood pressure, and some infections.
A screening test does not usually establish a diagnosis. A positive screening result generally means that additional diagnostic testing is needed to determine whether the condition is actually present. Screening is most useful when there is evidence that early detection improves outcomes and the benefits outweigh potential harms.
QUICK FACT
A positive screening result does not necessarily mean that someone has the disease. Screening identifies people who need further assessment.
COMMONLY CONFUSED WITH
- Diagnosis: establishes whether a disease or condition is present, usually after evaluating symptoms, signs, medical history, and/or diagnostic tests.
- Diagnostic testing: testing performed to investigate a suspected disease or confirm a diagnosis, often because symptoms, signs, or a screening result raise concern.
- Routine checkup: a broader health assessment that may include screening but is not synonymous with screening.
SEE ALSO
