The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located at the front of the neck that produces hormones involved in regulating metabolism, growth, and many body functions.
The thyroid produces the hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which influence how quickly the body uses energy. These hormones affect heart rate, body temperature, digestion, brain development, muscle function, and growth.
The gland is controlled by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is released by the pituitary gland.
QUICK FACT
Although it weighs only about 20 grams in adults, the thyroid influences nearly every organ system.
COMMONLY CONFUSED WITH
- Thyroid hormone: the hormones produced by the thyroid gland; the gland itself is the organ.
- Parathyroid glands: small glands near the thyroid that primarily regulate calcium balance and are functionally distinct from the thyroid.
SEE ALSO