The process of producing DNA from an RNA template using an enzyme called reverse transcriptase.
In most human cells, genetic information is commonly transferred from DNA to RNA. Reverse transcription moves in the opposite direction by using RNA as a template to make DNA.
This process is essential to the replication cycle of retroviruses, including HIV. After HIV enters a host cell, reverse transcriptase converts its RNA genetic material into DNA, which can then become integrated into the host cell’s DNA.
QUICK FACT
Reverse transcription does not mean that RNA is converted directly into a new virus. It is one step in the viral replication process.
COMMONLY CONFUSED WITH
Transcription: Transcription generally produces RNA from a DNA template; reverse transcription produces DNA from an RNA template.
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