The biological process by which genetic material is copied to produce a new genetic molecule or genome.
In human cells, DNA replication occurs before cell division so that each daughter cell can receive a copy of the genetic information. The process involves separating the DNA strands and using each strand as a template to produce a complementary strand.
Viruses also replicate their genetic material, but the process varies according to the type of virus. For example, HIV uses several specialized steps and enzymes, including reverse transcriptase, as part of its replication cycle.
QUICK FACT
DNA replication is different from transcription. Replication copies DNA to make DNA, while transcription uses DNA as a template to make RNA.
COMMONLY CONFUSED WITH
Reproduction: Replication refers specifically to copying genetic material; reproduction refers more broadly to producing new cells or organisms.
SEE ALSO
