A type of RNA virus that uses the enzyme reverse transcriptase to make a DNA copy of its genetic material as part of its replication cycle.
Unlike many viruses that use their genetic material more directly, retroviruses convert their RNA genome into DNA after entering a host cell. The viral DNA can then become integrated into the host cell’s DNA, allowing the virus to use the cell‘s machinery to produce new viral components.
HIV is a well-known human retrovirus. Its ability to integrate genetic material into host cells contributes to the persistence of HIV infection.
QUICK FACT
The name “retrovirus” comes from the virus’s use of reverse transcription, making DNA from an RNA template.
COMMONLY CONFUSED WITH
Antiretroviral: A retrovirus is a type of virus; an antiretroviral is a medicine or treatment that acts against retroviruses.
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