Bacteria

Single-celled microorganisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and can live in diverse environments, including on and inside the human body.

Bacteria are a large and diverse group of microorganisms. Many are harmless or beneficial, including bacteria that form part of the normal human microbiome. Others can cause infectious diseases.

Bacteria reproduce independently under suitable conditions and can sometimes exchange genetic material, including genes that contribute to antimicrobial resistance.

QUICK FACT

Not all bacteria cause disease. The human body normally contains large communities of bacteria that can contribute to health.

COMMONLY CONFUSED WITH

Virus: Bacteria are cellular organisms that can reproduce independently under suitable conditions; viruses are not cells and require host cells to reproduce.

SEE ALSO

Clinical & Educational Context

Discussed in Health Articles & Guides

Explore how "Bacteria" is covered across our evidence-based editorial guides:

2 Articles
Unstraight Lines

Kill Me a Little, Kill It More

Antibiotics, for example, can target features of bacteria that human cells do not possess.
The Hard Parts of Medicine

Polypharmacy: What Really Happens When You Take Multiple Medicines

Polypharmacy, the use of multiple medicines by one person is becoming increasingly common as people live longer and more people...