Immunity

The body’s ability to recognize, respond to, and defend against harmful foreign substances and infectious agents.

Immunity involves multiple components of the immune system, including physical barriers, innate immune responses, antibodies, and specialized immune cells. Protection can develop through previous infection, vaccination, transfer of antibodies from another person, or other biological mechanisms.

Immunity is not always complete or permanent. Its strength and duration can vary depending on the infectious agent, the type of immune response, and the person’s circumstances.

QUICK FACT

Having immunity does not always mean a person can never become infected. In some situations, immunity mainly reduces the likelihood of severe disease, the amount of infection, or the duration of illness.

COMMONLY CONFUSED WITH

Immune system: The immune system is the collection of cells, tissues, organs, and molecules involved in defense; immunity is the resulting capacity to recognize and respond to threats.

SEE ALSO

Clinical & Educational Context

Discussed in Health Articles & Guides

Explore how "Immunity" is covered across our evidence-based editorial guides:

2 Articles
The Hard Parts of Medicine

Do You Need Supplements? What Medical Research Says

Vitamins, minerals, and other dietary supplements are widely marketed for stronger immunity, better energy, healthier skin, improved fertility, and disease prevention.
The Hard Parts of Medicine

Polypharmacy: What Really Happens When You Take Multiple Medicines

A product marketed for sleep, energy, immunity, or joint health may also contain additional ingredients that are not immediately obvious from its front label.