Biological material that stores and transmits the information needed for an organism or virus to develop, function, reproduce, or replicate.
In humans and most other organisms, DNA serves as the primary genetic material. Some viruses instead use RNA as their genetic material. Genetic material contains sequences that provide information for producing proteins or functional RNA molecules and for regulating biological processes.
Genetic material can be copied and passed to new cells or, in organisms capable of reproduction, to offspring. Changes in genetic material can produce genetic variation and sometimes contribute to disease.
QUICK FACT
Genetic material is not always DNA. Some viruses, including HIV, use RNA as their genetic material.
COMMONLY CONFUSED WITH
Gene: Genetic material refers to the entire information-bearing genetic substance, whereas a gene is a specific functional sequence within genetic material.
SEE ALSO