Diabetes

A group of metabolic disorders characterized by persistently elevated blood glucose levels caused by problems with insulin production, insulin action, or both.

Diabetes occurs when the body cannot maintain blood glucose within a healthy range. Over time, persistently elevated blood glucose can damage blood vessels, nerves, kidneys, eyes, and other organs.

The major types include type 1 diabetes, in which the immune system destroys insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, and type 2 diabetes, in which insulin resistance and progressive impairment of insulin secretion are the main features. Other forms of diabetes also exist, including gestational diabetes and diabetes caused by certain conditions or medicines.

COMMONLY CONFUSED WITH

  • High blood sugar (hyperglycemia): an elevated blood glucose level; it can occur temporarily without meaning that a person has diabetes.
  • Type 1 diabetes: one specific type of diabetes.
  • Type 2 diabetes: another specific type of diabetes.

SEE ALSO

Clinical & Educational Context

Discussed in Health Articles & Guides

Explore how "Diabetes" is covered across our evidence-based editorial guides:

2 Articles
The Hard Parts of Medicine

Do You Need Supplements? What Medical Research Says

Do Not Replace Medical Treatment With Supplements Some supplements are marketed as treatments for conditions such as cancer, diabetes, infertility, and chronic infections.
The Hard Parts of Medicine

Polypharmacy: What Really Happens When You Take Multiple Medicines

Imagine opening a medicine cabinet and finding tablets for blood pressure, diabetes, and cholesterol; medicines for pain or stomach discomfort; a vitamin supplement recommended...