The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and forms the body’s primary protective barrier against the external environment.
The epidermis helps protect the body from physical injury, microorganisms, harmful chemicals, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It also helps reduce water loss and is continually renewed as older skin cells are shed and replaced by new ones.
The epidermis contains several types of cells, including:
- Keratinocytes, which produce keratin and make up most of the epidermis.
- Melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin.
- Langerhans cells, which help the immune system detect foreign substances.
- Merkel cells, which contribute to the sense of touch.
Quick Fact
The epidermis contains no blood vessels. It receives oxygen and nutrients from the underlying dermis.
See Also
- Skin
- Dermis
- Hypodermis
- Keratinocyte
- Melanin
- Skin Barrier